2.07 Periorbital and Conjunctival Edema
=======================================
agk's Library of Common Simple Emergencies
Presentation
------------
The patient is frightened by the facial
distortion and itching that seem to appear
spontaneously or up to 24 hours after having
been bitten by a bug or having contacted some
irritant. The patient may have been rubbing his
eyes: in fact, an allergen or chemical irritant
on the hand may cause periorbital edema long
before a reaction, if any, is evident on the
skin of the hand. There may be minimal to
marked generalized conjunctival swelling
(chemosis), but little injection. Tenderness
and pain should be minimal or absent and there
should be no erythema of the skin, photophobia
or fever. Visual acuity should be normal, there
should be no fluorescein uptake over the cornea
and the anterior chamber should be clear.
What to do:
-----------
- After completing a full eye exam, reassure
the patient that this is not as serious as
it looks.
- Prescribe hydroxyzine (Atarax) 25-50mg q6h
for mild to moderate swelling and a six-day
course of steroids (Aristopak 4mg) for more
severe cases. Naphazoline (Vasocon, Naphcon)
ophthalmic drops will be soothing and reduce
swelling when the conjunctiva is involved.
- Instruct the patient to use cool compresses
to reduce swelling and discomfort.
- Inquire about the cause, including allergies
and chemical irritants.
- Warn the patient about the potential signs of
infection.
What not to do:
---------------
- Do not apply heat: swelling and pruritis will
increase.
- Do not confuse this with periorbital
cellulitis, a serious infection manifested
by pain, heat, fever, deep erythema.
Periorbital cellulitis requires hospital-
ization and aggressive antibiotic therapy.
Discussion
----------
The dramatic swelling that often brings a
patient to an emergency department occurs
because of the loose connective tissue
surrounding the orbit. Fluid quickly accumu-
lates when a local allergic response causes
increased capillary permeability, resulting in
dramatic eyelid swelling. The envenomation,
allergen, or irritant responsible may actually
be located some distance away on the face (or
hand) but the loose periorbital tissue is the
first to swell.
----------------------------------------------------
from Buttaravoli & Stair: COMMON SIMPLE EMERGENCIES
Longwood Information LLC 4822 Quebec St NW Wash DC
1.202.237.0971 fax 1.202.244.8393 electra@clark.net
----------------------------------------------------